Bible Character • Old Testament

Samson

The Strongest Man and Flawed Judge

c. 1095-1075 BC

Samson was supernaturally strong, set apart as a Nazirite from birth to deliver Israel from the Philistines. Though gifted by God with incredible strength, his moral weaknesses and relationship with Delilah led to his downfall, yet his final act destroyed more Philistines than all his previous victories combined.

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Biography

Samson's birth was announced by the angel of the Lord to his previously barren mother. The angel declared that Samson would be a Nazirite from birth—set apart to God with special vows including never cutting his hair, avoiding contact with dead bodies, and abstaining from wine and fermented drink. He would begin to deliver Israel from forty years of Philistine oppression.

From youth, Samson demonstrated supernatural strength when the Spirit of the Lord came upon him. He tore apart a lion with his bare hands, killed thirty Philistines single-handedly, and caught three hundred foxes to destroy Philistine crops. On another occasion, he killed a thousand Philistines with the jawbone of a donkey. His exploits against the Philistines made him famous and feared.

Yet Samson's greatest weakness was his attraction to Philistine women. His first wife was a Philistine from Timnah, and when she betrayed him by revealing the answer to his riddle, Samson's anger led to violence and ultimately her death. Later, he visited a prostitute in Gaza, and when the Philistines tried to capture him, he tore off the city gates and carried them away.

Samson's downfall came through his relationship with Delilah, another Philistine woman. The Philistine rulers bribed Delilah to discover the source of Samson's strength. Three times she asked and three times Samson lied to her, yet he foolishly continued the relationship. Finally, worn down by her persistent nagging, Samson revealed that his strength came from his Nazirite vow symbolized by his uncut hair.

While Samson slept on Delilah's lap, she had his seven braids cut off. When he awoke, he didn't realize the Lord had left him. The Philistines captured him, gouged out his eyes, and imprisoned him in Gaza, forcing him to grind grain like an animal. Yet as his hair began to grow back, so did the possibility of God's mercy.

The Philistines gathered to offer a great sacrifice to their god Dagon, celebrating Samson's capture. They brought out the blind Samson to entertain them in their temple, where about three thousand people watched from the roof. Positioned between the temple's central pillars, Samson prayed for strength one last time. God answered, and Samson pushed the pillars apart, collapsing the temple. He killed more Philistines in his death than during his entire life. Samson's story demonstrates both the tragedy of squandered potential and the mercy of a God who can redeem even our greatest failures.

Key Events

Miraculous Birth Announced

The angel of the Lord appeared to Samson's barren mother, announcing that she would bear a son who would be a Nazirite from birth. He would begin to deliver Israel from the Philistines. His parents followed the angel's instructions carefully.

Judges 13

Killing a Lion Bare-Handed

When a young lion attacked Samson, the Spirit of the Lord came powerfully upon him and he tore the lion apart with his bare hands as easily as one tears a young goat. This demonstrated the supernatural strength God had given him.

Judges 14:5-6

Defeating a Thousand Philistines

When the Philistines came to capture him, Samson found a fresh jawbone of a donkey. With the Spirit of the Lord upon him, he struck down a thousand Philistines with this improvised weapon, delivering a crushing defeat to Israel's oppressors.

Judges 15:14-17

Carrying Away Gaza's Gates

While visiting a prostitute in Gaza, the Philistines planned to capture Samson in the morning. Instead, he arose at midnight, took hold of the city gates including the two posts, tore them loose, and carried them to the top of a hill facing Hebron.

Judges 16:1-3

Betrayal by Delilah

The Philistines bribed Delilah to discover the secret of Samson's strength. After three lies, Samson finally revealed that his strength came from his Nazirite vow symbolized by his uncut hair. While he slept, Delilah had his hair cut, and the Philistines captured him.

Judges 16:4-21

Final Victory in Death

Blinded and imprisoned, Samson was brought to the Philistine temple to entertain about three thousand people. Positioned between the central pillars, he prayed for strength and pushed them apart, collapsing the temple. He killed more Philistines in death than in life.

Judges 16:23-30

Character Traits

Supernaturally strong when God's Spirit came upon himSet apart as a Nazirite from birthImpulsive and driven by passionsAttracted to forbidden relationshipsFoolishly revealed sacred secretsVengeful toward his enemiesEventually humbled through sufferingFaithful in his final prayer to God

Lessons from Samson's Life

  • 1

    Great spiritual gifts don't automatically produce godly character

  • 2

    Forbidden relationships and compromise lead to devastating consequences

  • 3

    Repeatedly playing with temptation eventually leads to falling into sin

  • 4

    God can work even through our failures when we return to Him in repentance

  • 5

    Squandered potential is one of life's greatest tragedies

Questions for Reflection

  • What gifts or callings has God given you that you might be squandering through poor choices?
  • What forbidden relationships or compromises are slowly eroding your spiritual strength?
  • How do you see the pattern of Samson's repeated return to what weakened him in your own life?
  • What would it look like to finish strong rather than waste your God-given potential?

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