Bible Character • Old Testament

Joseph

From Slave to Ruler of Egypt

c. 1915-1805 BC

Joseph's journey from favored son to slave, from prisoner to prime minister of Egypt demonstrates God's sovereignty and faithfulness. His forgiveness of the brothers who betrayed him and his recognition of God's providence in his suffering make his story one of the most powerful narratives of redemption in Scripture.

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Biography

Joseph was the eleventh son of Jacob but the firstborn of Rachel, Jacob's beloved wife. His father's favoritism, symbolized by the special coat of many colors, and his own dreams predicting his family would bow to him created intense jealousy among his ten older brothers. At seventeen, Joseph's life took a dramatic turn when his brothers sold him into slavery to Midianite merchants traveling to Egypt.

In Egypt, Joseph was purchased by Potiphar, captain of Pharaoh's guard. Though a slave, Joseph prospered because the Lord was with him, and Potiphar recognized God's blessing on everything Joseph managed. Potiphar put Joseph in charge of his entire household. However, when Joseph refused the sexual advances of Potiphar's wife and fled her presence, she falsely accused him of assault, landing Joseph in prison.

Even in prison, Joseph found favor and was put in charge of all the prisoners. When two of Pharaoh's officials—the cupbearer and baker—were imprisoned, they had troubling dreams that Joseph interpreted through God's revelation. Everything happened as Joseph predicted, but the cupbearer forgot about Joseph for two more years until Pharaoh himself had disturbing dreams that none of his wise men could interpret.

Brought before Pharaoh, Joseph gave God credit for the ability to interpret dreams and explained that Egypt would experience seven years of abundance followed by seven years of severe famine. He recommended appointing a wise administrator to prepare for the famine. Pharaoh recognized God's spirit in Joseph and appointed him second-in-command over all Egypt at age thirty. Joseph's strategic planning saved Egypt and surrounding nations from starvation.

When the famine reached Canaan, Joseph's brothers came to Egypt seeking grain, not recognizing the powerful Egyptian official as their long-lost brother. Through a series of tests, Joseph discerned their hearts and discovered they had changed from the jealous brothers who sold him. When he finally revealed his identity, Joseph wept and forgave them, declaring that though they meant evil, God meant it for good to save many lives.

Joseph brought his entire family to Egypt, where they settled in Goshen and grew into a great nation. He lived to see his great-great-grandchildren and died at 110 years old, making his brothers promise to carry his bones back to Canaan when God brought them home. Joseph's life exemplifies integrity in the face of temptation, faithfulness in suffering, and the ability to see God's sovereign hand in all circumstances.

Key Events

The Dreams and the Coat

Jacob gave Joseph a richly ornamented coat, showing his special favor. Joseph dreamed that his brothers' sheaves of grain and even the sun, moon, and stars bowed down to him. These dreams inflamed his brothers' jealousy and set the stage for their betrayal.

Genesis 37:1-11

Sold into Slavery

Joseph's brothers plotted to kill him but instead sold him to Midianite merchants for twenty shekels of silver. They deceived their father Jacob by dipping Joseph's coat in goat's blood, making him believe Joseph had been killed by a wild animal.

Genesis 37:12-36

Temptation and False Accusation

As Potiphar's trusted servant, Joseph was repeatedly propositioned by Potiphar's wife. When Joseph refused and fled, she falsely accused him of attempted rape. Despite his integrity, Joseph was thrown into prison, yet God remained with him.

Genesis 39

Interpreting Pharaoh's Dreams

After two years in prison, Joseph was summoned to interpret Pharaoh's troubling dreams about seven fat cows devoured by seven thin cows. Joseph credited God for the interpretation and explained the coming seven years of plenty and seven years of famine, recommending a plan to prepare Egypt.

Genesis 41:1-40

Elevated to Prime Minister

Recognizing God's spirit in Joseph, Pharaoh appointed him second-in-command over all Egypt. At age thirty, Joseph went from prisoner to prime minister, given authority to implement his plan for storing grain during the years of abundance.

Genesis 41:41-57

Reconciliation with His Brothers

When Joseph's brothers came to Egypt for grain during the famine, Joseph tested them before revealing his identity. He wept as he forgave them, declaring that God had sent him ahead to preserve life. Joseph invited his entire family to settle in Egypt.

Genesis 42-45

Character Traits

Integrity and moral purity in the face of temptationFaithful and diligent in every circumstanceHumble in giving God credit for his abilitiesForgiving toward those who wronged him deeplyWise administrator and strategic plannerAble to see God's providence in sufferingLoyal to family despite their betrayalEmotionally expressive and compassionate

Lessons from Joseph's Life

  • 1

    God can use betrayal and suffering to position you for His greater purposes

  • 2

    Maintaining integrity in private moments prevents public disasters

  • 3

    Faithfulness in small, difficult circumstances prepares you for larger responsibilities

  • 4

    Forgiveness requires seeing beyond human evil to God's sovereign plan

  • 5

    Success and blessing can coexist with suffering when God is with you

Questions for Reflection

  • How can you maintain integrity and faithfulness when no one is watching or rewarding you?
  • In what areas of suffering might God be preparing you for future service?
  • Who in your life do you need to forgive by recognizing God's hand in your circumstances?
  • How does Joseph's example challenge your response to false accusations or unjust treatment?

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